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No understanding of printed maps is possible unless this simple fact is kept constantly in The overwhelming majority of maps produced between the mid-sixteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries are engravings, normally on copper.Д«ut-when laying down what could be termed the first law of cartobibliography-it is not necessary at this point toДistinguish engraving from woodcut and lithography, the two other techniques most likely to be encountered by those handling pre-1850 maps:Д®ach printed map is an impression made by the transfer of ink from a unique printing platform or group of platforms (usually woodblock, Maps to a wider audience, with the benefit of illustrations, is intended as a tribute to an inspiring example, and a friend.

It will be impossible to avoid retracing some of his steps, but this opportunity to present the вЂnitty grittyвЂ™ of early The best advice was given by the late Professor Coolie Verner some years ago. No doubt adapt and improve on the suggested procedures. To pass on some hard-won personal experience gained during twenty-five years spent in close observation of early maps. The publishing history of printed maps to find practical advice, and each has had to devise their own working methods. But it is notoriously hard for those interested in recreating Nor will it trespass on the detailed technical accounts of expert practitioners. Much more will emerge from examination of the maps themselves.ДЄdequate reconstructions of early map production techniques already exist, and this piece will not attempt to retrace the same ground. Reconstructing a lineage of that sort, for areas less fully studied than English county maps, canД«e partly achieved by delving into historical sources. The l600s, and copied, with minor mistakes, from Christopher Saxton's survey in the 1570s, an account of the Elizabethan landscape will be For instance, unless a 1676 printing of a John Speed county map is seen as a reissue of one engraved in But, if the map is to be properly understood, it must first be considered as a physical object in The content of a printed map is, of course, of Novice can make an immediate and worthwhile contribution to the subject. Provided there is access to original maps, the observant The study of old maps is one of the more democratic branches of history.

To those who collect or study maps, this article will attempt to break down the barrier separating the so-called amateur from the so-calledД®xpert. The thrill of the chase? Convinced, however, that a better understanding of how printed maps were made and revised will give added enjoyment What are вЂstatesвЂ™, вЂeditionsвЂ™, and вЂwatermarksвЂ™ beside Number of readers may view the word with unease. The seven syllables of вЂcartobibliographyвЂ™ trip lightly off some tongues, but a Offers warning and advice to aspiring cartobibliographers, and indeed to any who wish to deepen their appreciation of engraved maps as

The author, Map Librarian of the British Library, was for twenty years a cataloguer in the antiquarian map business. Originally published in The Map Collector, 46 (1989): 2-10 Text mounted on the web May 2006 illustrations added March 2007 by John Woram.

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